{"id":165,"date":"2021-11-21T12:51:41","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T12:51:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/47.103.123.166\/?p=165"},"modified":"2021-11-21T12:51:41","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T12:51:41","slug":"c_1-%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/47.103.123.166\/?p=165","title":{"rendered":"C++_1\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"

  \u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86C++\u57fa\u7840\u540e\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e9bC++\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u8fdb\u9636\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5305\u62ecC++11\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

A \u7b80\u5355\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h1>\n

a1 \u6574\u578b<\/h2>\n

  c++\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6574\u578b\u5305\u62ecchar\u3001short\u3001int\u3001long\u3001long long\uff08c++11\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5171\u5341\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n

 \u6574\u578b\u957f\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
  c++\u4e2d\uff0c\u6574\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sizeof()\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6574\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/th>\n\u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cf<\/th>\n\u957f\u5ea6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
short<\/td>\n\u81f3\u5c1116\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
int<\/td>\n\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0eshort\u4e00\u6837\u957f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
long<\/td>\n\u81f3\u5c1132\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e14\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0eint\u4e00\u6837\u957f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
long long<\/td>\n\u81f3\u5c1164\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e14\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0elong\u4e00\u6837\u957f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

  \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282(bytes)\u672a\u5fc5\u662f8\u4f4d(bit)\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982ASCII\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c8\u4f4d\u5373\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f8\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u5728Unicode\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c8\u4f4d\u5c31\u4e0d\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u57288\u4f4d\u5b57\u8282\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cshort\u4e3a2\u5b57\u8282\uff0cint\u548clong\u4e3a4\u5b57\u8282\uff0clong long \u4e3a8\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n

 cout\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u5236<\/h3>\n
    std::cout<<std::hex;    \/\/\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4ee516\u8fdb\u5236\u663e\u793a\n    std::cout<<std::oct;    \/\/\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4ee58\u8fdb\u5236\u663e\u793a<\/code><\/pre>\n
 \u6574\u578b\u5e38\u91cf<\/h3>\n
\u6574\u578b\u5e38\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u822c\u662fint\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u540e\u7f00<\/strong>\u6216\u503c\u8fc7\u5927\u3002
\n  \u2460 \u540e\u7f00\u5305\u62ec\uff08u\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\uff0cL\u957f\u6574\u578b\uff0cLL\u53ca\u5176\u7ec4\u5408\uff09\uff0c\u598223333L\uff0c23456uL\u3002
\n  \u2461 \u503c\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u578b\uff0c\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u88c5\u4e0b\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6709\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong>\u6700\u5c0f\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e8\/16\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u578b\uff0c\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u88c5\u4e0b\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong>\u6700\u5c0f\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
 char & wchar_t<\/h3>\n
1 \u5b57\u7b26\u578bchar\uff1a
\n  \u2460 8\u4f4d\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e38\u89c1\u7684ASCII\u6216\u8005EBCDIC\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff08Unicode\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u793a\uff08\u2018A\u2019\uff09\u3001\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff08\u2018\\012\u2019\u3001\u2018\\0xa\u2019\uff09\u3002
\n  \u2461 char\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8ec++\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u6307\u5b9a<\/strong>\u3002\u5b58\u50a8ASCII\u53ef\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aASCII\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f4e\u4e03\u4f4d\uff0c128\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
2 \u5bbd\u5b57\u7b26\u578bwchar_t\uff1a
\n  \u2460 \u9700\u6c42\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u4f4d\u6570\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e8e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6269\u5c55\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u3002
\n  \u2461 \u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662fwcin\u548cwcout\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406wchar_t\u6d41\u3002
\n  \u2462 \u663e\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u5bbd\u5b57\u7b26\u5e38\u91cf\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u52a0\u524d\u7f00<\/strong>L\uff0c\u5982\u8868\u793a\u5bbd\u5b57\u7b26P\uff1aL\u2018P\u2019\u3002<\/p>\n
 ASCII\u3001Unicode\u3001ISO10646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
  \u2460 ASCII\u662fUnicode\u5b50\u96c6\u3002
\n  \u2461 Unicode \u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u63d0\u4f9b\u6807\u51c6\u6570\u503c\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u79f0\u4e3a\u7801\u70b9<\/strong>\u3002<\/th>\n		\u4ee5\\u\u5f00\u5934<\/th>\n\u4ee5\\U\u5f00\u5934<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u75288\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7f16\u7801\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n\u752816\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7f16\u7801\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
  \u2462 ISO10646\u548cUnicode\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u6807\u51c6\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n
 C++11 \u65b0\u6574\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1\u3001char16_t \/ char32_t<\/th>\nchar16_t<\/th>\nchar32_t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u957f16\u4f4d<\/td>\n\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u957f32\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u524d\u7f00u<\/td>\n\u524d\u7f00U<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
2\u3001size_t
\n  1\uff09size_t\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u67b6\u6784\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
\n  2\uff0932\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u4e00\u822c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3aunsigned int \uff0c\u53604\u5b57\u8282\uff1b64\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u4e00\u822c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3aunsigned long\uff0c\u53608\u5b57\u8282\u3002
\n  3\uff09size_t\u65b9\u4fbf\u79fb\u690d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982\u8ba1\u6570\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5b9e\u73b0\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001long long \u548c unsigned long long<\/p>\n
a2 \u6d6e\u70b9\u578b<\/h2>\n
  \u2460 \u6d6e\u70b9\u578b\u5305\u62ecfloat\u3001double\u3001long double\u3002
\n  \u2461 \u6d6e\u70b9\u578b\u5e38\u91cf\u4e00\u822c\u662fdouble\u3002
\n  \u2462 \u6307\u6570\u8303\u56f4\u4e00\u822c\u662f-37~37\u3002
\n  \u2463 \u6d6e\u70b9\u578b\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u6709\u6548\u4f4d\u6570\uff0cfloat\u4e00\u822c32\u4f4d\uff0cdouble\u4e00\u822c64\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n
a3 \u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h2>\n
 \u6574\u578b\u63d0\u5347<\/h3>\n
    1 \u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f long double\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a long double\u3002\n    2 \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f double\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a double\u3002\n    3 \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f float\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a float\u3002\n    4 \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u6574\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c\u6574\u578b\u63d0\u5347\u3002\n    5 \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6216\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u6bd4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\uff0c\u5219\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea7\u522b\u9ad8\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\n    6 \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u4e3a\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u4e3a\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u6bd4\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u9ad8\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\n    7 \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\n    8 \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u90fd\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n
 \u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362<\/h3>\n
\/\/1 \u901a\u7528 \n    (typename) value    \n    typename (value)        \n \/\/2 C++11\n    static_cast<typename> (value)<\/code><\/pre>\n
a4 \u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d<\/h2>\n
 C++\u5141\u8bb8\u7ed9\u7c7b\u578b\u5efa\u7acb\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n
    #define aliasName typeName\n    #define BYTE char\n\n    typedef typeName aliasName;\n    typedef char byte;<\/code><\/pre>\n
 \u4f46\u524d\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
    #define FLOAT_POINTER float*\n\n    FLOAT_POINTER a,b;  \/\/\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e float* a,b\uff1b \u8fd9\u6837b\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2afloat<\/code><\/pre>\n
B \u590d\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h1>\n
b1 \u6570\u7ec4<\/h2>\n
1  \u6570\u7ec4\u5168\u90e8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f
\n  \u2460 \u663e\u5f0f\u5168\u90e8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0<\/p>\n
    int array[3] = {0,0,0};<\/code><\/pre>\n
  \u2461 \u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0
\n  \u2462 \u5229\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a0\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u8bbe\u4e3a0<\/p>\n
    int array[3] = {0};<\/code><\/pre>\n
  \u2463 C++11\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53ef\u7701\u7565\u7b49\u53f7\uff0c\u5f53\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5c06\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0<\/p>\n
    int array[3] = {};\n    int array[3]{}; \/\/\u4f5c\u7528\u540c\u4e0a<\/code><\/pre>\n
b2 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 C-string<\/h2>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u8ba8\u8bbaC-\u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba8\u8bbastring\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
1  \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26  \\0
\n  \u2460 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf\u7ed3\u5c3e\u9690\u5f0f\u6dfb\u52a0 \\0
\n  \u2461 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4\u7684sizeof()\u548cstrlen()\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6<\/p>\n
    char str[10] = \"abcdefg\";\n    sizeof(str);\/\/10\n    strlen(str);\/\/7<\/code><\/pre>\n
2\u3001\u539f\u59cb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 raw string
\n  1\uff09\u539f\u59cb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u52a0\u4fee\u6539\u5730\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c4\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u3002
\n  2\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26  "(<\/strong> \u548c )"<\/strong>  \u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u7f00R\u6765\u8868\u793a\u539f\u59cb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    std::cout<<R\"(aaa \"bbb\" ccc\"\\n\")\"<<std::endl;\n    \/\/\u8f93\u51fa:  aaa \"bbb\" ccc\"\\n\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
  3\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u5305\u542b )"<\/strong>  \uff0c\u5f53\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u89c1\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a )"<\/strong> \u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5728\u5f15\u53f7\u4e0e\u62ec\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9996\u5c3e\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    std::cout<<R\"+6(aaa \"bbb\" ccc\"\\n\")+6\"<<std::endl;\/\/\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 \"+6( \u548c )+6\" \u7684\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86+6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\n    \/\/\u8f93\u51fa:  aaa \"bbb\" ccc\"\\n\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
  \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u683c\u3001\u5de6\u53f3\u62ec\u53f7\u3001\u659c\u6760\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u3001\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
b3 \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 struct<\/h2>\n
1  C++11\u7ed3\u6784\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n
    struct myStructType\n    {\n        int id;\n    };\n    myStructType myStruct{};    \/\/\u8fd9\u5c06\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0<\/code><\/pre>\n
b4 \u5171\u7528\u4f53 union<\/h2>\n
1 \u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u9879\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff08\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u3002
\n2 \u5171\u7528\u4f53\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u5176\u6700\u5927\u6210\u5458\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
b5 \u679a\u4e3e enum<\/h2>\n
1 \u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u679a\u4e3e\u542b\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u679a\u4e3e\u91cf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u679a\u4e3e\u91cf\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5f53\u663e\u793a\u8d4b\u503c\u90e8\u5206\u679a\u4e3e\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u672a\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6574\u6570\u4e3a\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a01<\/p>\n
    enum myEnumType{a,b,c,d,e,f,g};\n    enum myEnumType{a = 8,b,c,d,e,f,g};<\/code><\/pre>\n
2 \u679a\u4e3e\u53ea\u6709\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u679a\u4e3e\u53ef\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a\u6574\u578b
\n3 \u6574\u578b\u53ef\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u679a\u4e3e\u91cf\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6574\u578b\u7684\u503c\u5728\u679a\u4e3e\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u679a\u4e3e\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u662f\u5927\u4e8e\u6700\u5927\u503c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f2\u7684\u5e42\u518d\u51cf1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0b\u9650\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u5927\u4e8e0\uff0c\u5219\u4e0b\u9650\u662f0\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u9650\u89c4\u5219\u7c7b\u4f3c
\n4 \u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b26\u53f7\u5e38\u91cf\u7528\u5728switch\u7b49\u5730\u65b9<\/p>\n
    enum {a,b,c,d,e,f,g};\n\n    int main()\n    {\n        int code = 1;\n        switch (code)\n        {\n            case a : break;\n            case b : break;\n            default : break;\n        return 0;\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n
5 C++11\uff1a\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u679a\u4e3e
\n  1\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u91cf\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u51b2\u7a81<\/p>\n
    enum egg {Small, Medium, Large};\n    enum apple {Small, Medium, Large};<\/code><\/pre>\n
  2\uff09C++11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u679a\u4e3e\uff0c\u679a\u4e3e\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e3a\u7c7b\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u540d\u6765\u9650\u5236\u679a\u4e3e\u91cf<\/p>\n
    enum class egg {Small, Medium, Large};\n    enum class apple {Small, Medium, Large};\n    enum struct peach {Small, Medium, Large};\n    enum struct box {Small, Medium, Large};\n\n    egg s = egg::Small;<\/code><\/pre>\n
  3\uff09\u5e38\u89c4\u679a\u4e3e\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6574\u578b\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u4e0d\u80fd\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u578b\u3002
\n  4\uff09\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u679a\u4e3e\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7c7b\u4e3aint\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539\u5e95\u5c42\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e95\u5c42\u7c7b\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u6574\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
    enum class : short egg{Small, Medium, Large};<\/code><\/pre>\n
b6 \u6307\u9488<\/h2>\n
1 \u52a8\u6001\u8054\u7f16\uff08dynamic binding\uff09\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\uff08memory leak\uff09
\n  new\/delete\u914d\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\n  \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u91cd\u590d\u91ca\u653e\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e94\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002
\n  \u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7sizeof\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
2 \u6307\u9488\u7b97\u6570
\n  1\uff09\u6307\u9488\u7b97\u6570\uff1a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf+1\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u6307\u5411double\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u503c+1\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5730\u5740+8\u3002
\n  2\uff09\u6570\u7ec4\u540d\u4e0e\u6307\u9488
\n  \u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cC++\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u540d\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0cstack[1] -> *(stack + 1)\u3002
\n  \u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u540d\u53d6\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u6307\u5411\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
int array[10];\ncout<<array<<endl;  \/\/\u8f93\u51fa array[0] \u7684\u5730\u5740           \u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a int*            \u6307\u9488+1 \u5bfc\u81f4 \u5730\u5740+4\ncout<<&array<<endl; \/\/\u8f93\u51fa array \u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5730\u5740      \u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a int(*)[10]      \u6307\u9488+1 \u5bfc\u81f4 \u5730\u5740+4*10<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ce8\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4 int\u4e3a4\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u6570\u7ec4\u540d\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u4e3a\u5e38\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sizeof\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u503c\u4ee3\u8868\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u5730\u5740\u7684\u524d\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u800csizeof\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6307\u9488\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
3 \u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\n  C++\u591a\u6570\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0cchar\u6570\u7ec4\u540d\u3001char\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf\u90fd\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8981\u6253\u5370\u8be5\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\uff08int*\uff09\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u76f4\u81f3\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
C++11 \uff1aauto \u4e0e decltype<\/h1>\n
  auto<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u663e\u793a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5bb9\u6613\u8bef\u7528\u3002
\n  decltype<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
    int y;\n    decltype(y) x;  \/\/\u5b9a\u4e49x\uff0c\u4f7fx\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0ey\u76f8\u540c<\/code><\/pre>\n
  \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6a21\u677f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64decltype\u5e38\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
    template <typename T, typename U>\n    void ef(T t , U u)\n    {\n        decltype(T*U) tu;\n        \/\/...\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
  \u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86C++\u57fa\u7840\u540e\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e9bC++\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u8fdb\u9636\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5305\u62ecC++11\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 A \u7b80\u5355\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b a1 \u6574\u578b   c++\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6574\u578b\u5305\u62ecchar\u3001short\u3001int\u3001long\u3001long long\uff08c++11\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5171\u5341\u79cd\u3002  \u6574\u578b\u957f\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898   c++\u4e2d\uff0c\u6574\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sizeof()\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6574\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002 \u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cf \u957f\u5ea6 short \u81f3\u5c1116\u4f4d int \u81f3\u5c11\u4e0eshort\u4e00\u6837\u957f long \u81f3\u5c1132\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e14\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0eint\u4e00\u6837\u957f long long \u81f3\u5c1164\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e14\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0elong\u4e00\u6837\u957f   \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282(bytes)\u672a\u5fc5\u662f8\u4f4d(bit)\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982ASCII\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c8\u4f4d\u5373\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f8\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u5728Unicode\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c8\u4f4d\u5c31\u4e0d\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u57288\u4f4d\u5b57\u8282\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cshort\u4e3a2\u5b57\u8282\uff0cint\u548clong\u4e3a4\u5b57\u8282\uff0clong long \u4e3a8\u5b57\u8282\u3002  cout\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u5236 std::cout<<std::hex; \/\/\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4ee516\u8fdb\u5236\u663e\u793a std::cout<<std::oct; \/\/\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4ee58\u8fdb\u5236\u663e\u793a  \u6574\u578b\u5e38\u91cf \u6574\u578b\u5e38\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u822c\u662fint\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u540e\u7f00\u6216\u503c\u8fc7\u5927\u3002   \u2460 \u540e\u7f00\u5305\u62ec\uff08u\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\uff0cL\u957f\u6574\u578b\uff0cLL\u53ca\u5176\u7ec4\u5408\uff09\uff0c\u598223333L\uff0c23456uL\u3002   \u2461 \u503c\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u578b\uff0c\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u88c5\u4e0b\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6700\u5c0f\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e8\/16\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u578b\uff0c\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u88c5\u4e0b\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6700\u5c0f\u7c7b\u578b\u3002  char & wchar_t 1 \u5b57\u7b26\u578bchar\uff1a   \u2460 8\u4f4d\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e38\u89c1\u7684ASCII\u6216\u8005EBCDIC\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff08Unicode\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u793a\uff08\u2018A\u2019\uff09\u3001\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff08\u2018\\012\u2019\u3001\u2018\\0xa\u2019\uff09\u3002   \u2461 char\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8ec++\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u3002\u5b58\u50a8ASCII\u53ef\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aASCII\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f4e\u4e03\u4f4d\uff0c128\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002 2 \u5bbd\u5b57\u7b26\u578bwchar_t\uff1a   \u2460 \u9700\u6c42\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u4f4d\u6570\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e8e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6269\u5c55\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u3002   \u2461 \u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662fwcin\u548cwcout\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406wchar_t\u6d41\u3002   \u2462 \u663e\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u5bbd\u5b57\u7b26\u5e38\u91cf\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u52a0\u524d\u7f00L\uff0c\u5982\u8868\u793a\u5bbd\u5b57\u7b26P\uff1aL\u2018P\u2019\u3002  ASCII\u3001Unicode\u3001ISO10646   \u2460 ASCII\u662fUnicode\u5b50\u96c6\u3002   \u2461 Unicode \u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u63d0\u4f9b\u6807\u51c6\u6570\u503c\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u79f0\u4e3a\u7801\u70b9\u3002 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/47.103.123.166\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/47.103.123.166\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/47.103.123.166\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.103.123.166\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.103.123.166\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=165"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/47.103.123.166\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":166,"href":"http:\/\/47.103.123.166\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165\/revisions\/166"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/47.103.123.166\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=165"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.103.123.166\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=165"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.103.123.166\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=165"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}